Saturns måner

Planeten Saturn har 53 navngivne måner og yderligere 29, som stadig er under udforskning. Mange af månerne er meget små: 33 er mindre end 10 km i diameter, og 13 måner er mindre end 50 km i diameter. Mange af månerne er opkaldt efter titaner, jætter eller mindre græske eller romerske guder. Nogle af Saturns måner er meget store; månen Titan er større end planeten Merkur.

 

Bekræftede måner

Saturns måner er her listet efter omløbstid (eller semi-major akse), fra kortest til længst. Måner, der er massive nok til, at deres overflader er faldet sammen til en sfæroid, er fremhævet med fed skrift, mens de uregelmæssige måner er opført med rød, orange og grå baggrund.

Nøgle

†
Større iskolde måner

♠
Titan

‡
Inuit-gruppe

♦
Gallisk gruppe

♣
Norsk gruppe

For ganske nylig er der blevet opdaget 20 nye måner på Saturn, som endnu ikke er blevet navngivet.

Bestil

Etiket

Navn

Udtale

Billede

Diameter (km)

Masse (
×1015 kg)

Semi-major akse (km)

Orbitalperiode (d)

Hældning

Excentricitet

Position


Opdagelsesår

Opdagelsesrejser

1

S/2009 S/2009 S 1

-

≈ 0.3

< 0.0001

≈ 117000

≈ 0.47

≈ 0°

≈ 0

ydre B-ring

2009

Cassini

(moonlets)

-

A noisy image showing a few bright dots marked by circles

0,04 til 0,4 (Earhart)

< 0.0001

≈ 130000

≈ 0.55

≈ 0°

≈ 0

Tre 1000 km-bånd i A-ringen

2006

Cassini

2

XVIII

Pan Pan

/ˈpæn/

A bright fuzzy band (rings of Saturn) is running from the left to right. In the center a bright irregularity shaped body is superimposed on its upper edge. A narrow grayish band, which is a part of the main band, partially covers the body.

28.2±2.6
(34 × 31 × 20)

4.95±0.75

133584

+0.57505

0.001°

0.000035

i Encke Division

1990

M. Showalter

3

XXXV

Daphnis Daphnis

/ˈdæfnɪs/

Two bright bands run from the left to right. In the narrow gap between them (Keeler gap), which has wavy edges, a small oblong object can be seen.

7.6±1.6
(9 × 8 × 6)

0.084±0.012

136505

+0.59408

≈ 0°

≈ 0

i Keeler Gap

2005

Cassini

4

XV

Atlas Atlas Atlas

/ˈætləs/

An irregularly shaped body is fully illuminated. The body, which looks like a cone viewed from the south pole, is elongated downward.

30.2±1.8
(41 × 35 × 19)

6.6±0.045

137670

+0.60169

0.003°

0.0012

ydre En ringhyrde

1980

Voyager 2

5

XVI

Prometheus Prometheus

/proʊˈmiːθiəs/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is fully illuminated. It is elongated in the direction from the right to left. Its surface is covered by craters. There is valley at the top.

86.2±5.4
(136 × 79 × 59)

159.5±1.5

139380

+0.61299

0.008°

0.0022

indre F Ring shepherd

1980

Voyager 2

6

XVII

pandora pandora

/pænˈdɔːrə/

An irregularly shaped body is half illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right. The surface is covered by numerous craters.

81.4±3.0 (
104 × 81 × 64)

137.1±1.9

141720

+0.62850

0.050°

0.0042

ydre F Ring Shepherd

1980

Voyager 2

7a

XI

Epimetheus Epimetheus

/ɛpɪˈmiːθiəs/

A partially-illuminated irregular body, which has a shape remotely resembling a cube. The body's surface consists of ridges and valleys and is covered by craters.

116.2±3.6 (
130 × 114 × 106)

526.6±0.6

151422

+0.69433

0.335°

0.0098

co-orbital med Janus

1977

J. Fountain, og S. Larson

7b

X

Janus Janus Janus

/ˈdʒeɪnəs/

An irregular body, whose outline looks like an approximate circle in this image. It is illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top-left to bottom-right. The surface is covered by craters.

179.0±2.8
(203 × 185 × 153)

1897.5±0.6

151472

+0.69466

0.165°

0.0068

co-orbital med Epimetheus

1966

A. Dollfus

9

LIII

Aegaeon Aegaeon

/iːˈdʒiːən/

Image of Aegaeon.

≈ 0.5

≈ 0.0001

167500

+0.80812

0.001°

0.0002

G Ring moonlet

2008

Cassini

10

I

Mimas †Mimas

/ˈmaɪməs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the left. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the right limb. A large crater with a central peak sits on the terminator slightly to the right and above the center of the body. It makes the body look like the Death Star. There are numerous smaller craters.

396.4±0.8
(416 × 393 × 381)

37493±31

185404

+0.942422

1.566°

0.0202

 

1789

W. Herschel

11

XXXII

Methone Methone

/mɪˈθoʊniː/

From May 2012 flyby

3.2±1.2

≈ 0.02

194440

+1.00957

0.007°

0.0001

Alkyonider

2004

Cassini

12

XLIX

Anthe Anthe Anthe

/ˈænθiː/

1.8

≈ 0.0015

197700

+1.05089

0.1°

0.0011

Alkyonider

2007

Cassini

13

XXXIII

Pallene Pallene Pallene

/pəˈliːniːniː/

In the center is Pallene, a moon of Saturn

5.0±1.2
(6 × 6 × 4)

≈ 0.05

212280

+1.15375

0.181°

0.0040

Alkyonider

2004

Cassini

14

II

Enceladus †Enceladus

/ɛnˈsɛlədəs/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator runs from the top to bottom in the vicinity of the left limb. In the center and at the top there are heavily cratered areas.

504.2±0.4
(513 × 503 × 497)

108022±101

237950

+1.370218

0.010°

0.0047

Genererer E-ringen

1789

W. Herschel

15

III

Tethys †Tethys

/ˈtiːθɪs/

A spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom. The terminator runs from the left to right in the vicinity of the top limb. There is a wide curved graben running from the center of the body to the bottom. It is Ithaca Chasma.

1062±1.2
(1077 × 1057 × 1053)

617449±132

294619

+1.887802

0.168°

0.0001

 

1684

G. Cassini

15a

XIII

Telesto Telesto Telesto

/tɪˈlɛstoʊ/

24.8±0.8
(33 × 24 × 20)

≈ 9.41

294619

+1.887802

1.158°

0.000

førende Tethys-trojaner

1980

B. Smith, H. Reitsema, H. Reitsema, S. Larson og J. Fountain

15b

XIV

Calypso Calypso

/kəˈlɪpsoʊ/

An oblong reddish body is seen in this low resolution image.

21.4±1.4
(30 × 23 × 14)

≈ 6.3

294619

+1.887802

1.473°

0.000

Tethys-trojaner, der følger efter

1980

D. Pascu, P. Seidelmann, W. Baum og D. Currie

18

IV

Dione †Dione

/daɪˈoʊniː/

A spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. The central part of the body is smooth and has only a few craters. A heavily cratered terrain is near the right limb. A part of a large crater is intersected by the terminator in the lower-left corner. To the left of it there is a long crack running parallel to the terminator.

1122.8±0.8
(1128 × 1123 × 1119)

1095452±168

377396

+2.736915

0.002°

0.0022

 

1684

G. Cassini

18a

XII

Helene Helene Helene

/ˈhɛlɪniː/

An irregularly shaped body illuminated from the left. Its surface is covered by numerous impact craters.

35.2±0.8
(43 × 38 × 26)

≈ 24.46

377396

+2.736915

0.212°

0.0022

førende Dione-trojaner

1980

P. Laques og J. Lecacheux

18b

XXXIV

Polydeuces Polydeuces

/pɒliˈdjuːsiːz/

A small oblong body is barely resolved in this image.

2.6±0.8
(3 × 2 × 1)

≈ 0.03

377396

+2.736915

0.177°

0.0192

Dione-trojaner, der følger efter

2004

Cassini

21

V

Rhea †Rhea

/ˈriːə/

A spherical body is almost fully illuminated. The terminator is running near the top edge. The surface is covered by numerous craters. Two partially overlapping large craters can be seen above the center. One that is younger is above and to the right from the older one.

1527.0±1.2
(1530 × 1526 × 1525)

2306518±353

527108

+4.518212

0.327°

0.001258

 

1672

G. Cassini

22

VI

Titan ♠Titan

/ˈtaɪtən/

An orange spherical body is half illuminated from the right. The terminator is running from the top to bottom slightly to the left off the center. Both limb and terminator are fuzzy due to light scattering in the atmosphere.

5149.46±0.18
(5149 × 5149 × 5150)

134520000±20000

1221930

+15.94542

0.3485°

0.0288

 

1655

C. Huygens

23

VII

Hyperion †Hyperion

/haɪˈpɪəriən/

An irregularly shaped oblong body is illuminated from the left. The terminator is near the right limb. The body is elongated in the top-bottom direction. The surface is punctured by numerous impact craters, which make it look like a sponge or cheese.

270±8
(360 × 266 × 205)

5620±50

1481010

+21.27661

0.568°

0.123006

i 4:3 resonans med Titan

1848

W. Bond
G. Bond
 W. Lassell

24

VIII

Iapetus †Iapetus

/aɪˈæpɪtəs/

A walnut shaped body illuminated from the bottom-left. The terminator runs from the top to right along the top-right limb. An equatorial ridge runs from the left to right and is convex in the direction of the bottom-left. Above and below it there are dark areas. Above the upper dark area and below the lower one there are bright poles. There numerous craters. Three among them are very large: one sits on the limb at the right another is in the center above the ridge. The third is below the ridge near the left limb.

1468.6±5.6
(1491 × 1491 × 1424)

1805635±375

3560820

+79.3215

15.47°

0.028613

 

1671

G. Cassini

25

XXIV

Kiviuq ‡Kiviuq

/ˈkɪviək/

≈ 16

≈ 2.79

11294800

+448.16

49.087°

0.3288

Inuit gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

26

XXII

Ijiraq ‡Ijiraq

/ˈiːɪrɒk/

≈ 12

≈ 1.18

11355316

+451.77

50.212°

0.3161

Inuit gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

27

IX

Phoebe ♣†Phoebe

/ˈfiːbiː/

An approximately spherical heavily cratered body is illuminated from the bottom-right. The terminator runs near the left and top limbs. There is huge crater at the top, which affects the shape, and another slightly smaller at the bottom.

213.0±1.4
(219 × 217 × 204)

8292±10

12869700

-545.09

173.047°

0.156242

Norsk gruppe

1899

W. Pickering

28

XX

Paaliaq ‡Paaliaq

/ˈpɑːliɒk/

≈ 22

≈ 7.25

15103400

+692.98

46.151°

0.3631

Inuit gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

29

XXVII

Skathi ♣Skathi

/ˈskɒði/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

15672500

-732.52

149.084°

0.246

Norsk (Skathi) Gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

30

XXVI

Albiorix ♦Albiorix

/ˌælbiˈɒrɪks/

≈ 32

≈ 22.3

16266700

+774.58

38.042°

0.477

Gallisk gruppe

2000

M. Holman

31

 

S/2007A ♣S/2007 S 2

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

16560000

-792.96

176.68°

0.2418

Norsk gruppe

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna, B. Marsden

32

XXXVII

Bebhionn ♦Bebhionn

/bɛˈviːn/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17153520

+838.77

40.484°

0.333

Gallisk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

33

XXVIII

Erriapus ♦ Erriapus

/ɛriˈæpəs/

≈ 10

≈ 0.68

17236900

+844.89

38.109°

0.4724

Gallisk gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

34

XLVII

Skoll ♣Skoll

/ˈskɒl/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

17473800

-862.37

155.624°

0.418

Norsk (Skathi) gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

35

XXIX

Siarnaq ‡Siarnaq

/ˈsiːɑːrnək/

≈ 40

≈ 43.5

17776600

+884.88

45.798°

0.24961

Inuit gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

36

LII

Tarqeq ‡Tarqeq

/ˈtɑːrkeɪk/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

17910600

+894.86

49.904°

0.1081

Inuit gruppe

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

37

 

S/2004B ♣S/2004 S 13

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18056300

-905.85

167.379°

0.261

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

38

LI

Greip ♣Greip

/ˈɡreɪp/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18065700

-906.56

172.666°

0.3735

Norsk gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

39

XLIV

Hyrrokkin ♣Hyrrokkin

/hɪˈrɒkɪn/

≈ 8

≈ 0.35

18168300

-914.29

153.272°

0.3604

Norsk (Skathi) gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

40

L

Jarnsaxa ♣Jarnsaxa

/jɑːrnˈsæksə/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18556900

-943.78

162.861°

0.1918

Norsk gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

41

XXI

Tarvos ♦Tarvos

/ˈtɑːrvəs/

≈ 15

≈ 2.3

18562800

+944.23

34.679°

0.5305

Gallisk gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

42

XXV

Mundilfari ♣Mundilfari

/mʊndəlˈværi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

18725800

-956.70

169.378°

0.198

Norsk gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

43

 

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 1

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

18930200

-972.41

154.232°

0.1303

Norsk (Skathi) gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D.C. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

44

 

S/2004C ♣S/2004 S 17

-

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

19099200

-985.45

166.881°

0.226

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

45

XXXVIII

Bergelmir ♣Bergelmir

/bɛərˈjɛlmɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19104000

-985.83

157.384°

0.152

Norsk (Skathi) gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

46

XXXI

Narvi ♣Narvi

/ˈnɑːrvi/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19395200

-1008.45

137.292°

0.320

Norsk (Narvi) gruppe

2003

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

47

XXIII

Suttungr ♣Suttungr

/ˈsʊtʊŋɡər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

19579000

-1022.82

174.321°

0.131

Norsk gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

48

XLIII

Hati ♣Hati

/ˈhɑːti/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

19709300

-1033.05

163.131°

0.291

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

49

 

S/2004A ♣S/2004 S 12

-

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19905900

-1048.54

164.042°

0.396

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

50

XL

Farbauti ♣Farbauti

/fɑːrˈbaʊti/

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

19984800

-1054.78

158.361°

0.209

Norsk (Skathi) gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

51

XXX

Thrymr ♣Thrymr

/ˈθrɪmər/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20278100

-1078.09

174.524°

0.453

Norsk gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

52

XXXVI

Aegir ♣Aegir

/ˈaɪ. ɪər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20482900

-1094.46

167.425°

0.237

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

53

 

S/2007B ♣S/2007 S 3

-

≈ 5

≈ 0.09

20518500

≈ -1100

177.22°

0.130

Norsk gruppe

2007

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

54

XXXIX

Bestla ♣Bestla

/ˈbɛstlə/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

20570000

-1101.45

147.395°

0.5145

Norsk (Narvi) gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

55

 

S/2007C ♣S/2004 S 7

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

20576700

-1101.99

165.596°

0.5299

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

56

 

S/2006 ♣S/2006 S 3

-

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

21076300

-1142.37

150.817°

0.4710

Norsk (Skathi) gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

57

XLI

Fenrir ♣Fenrir

/ˈfɛnrɪər/

≈ 4

≈ 0.05

21930644

-1212.53

162.832°

0.131

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

58

XLVIII

Surtur ♣Surtur

/ˈsɜːrtər/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22288916

-1242.36

166.918°

0.3680

Norsk gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

59

XLV

Kari ♣Kari

/ˈkɑːri/

≈ 7

≈ 0.23

22321200

-1245.06

148.384°

0.3405

Norsk (Skathi) gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

60

XIX

Ymir ♣Ymir

/ˈɪmɪər/

≈ 18

≈ 3.97

22429673

-1254.15

172.143°

0.3349

Norsk gruppe

2000

B. Gladman, J. Kavelaars, et al.

61

XLVI

Loge ♣Loge

/ˈlɔɪ. eɪ/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

22984322

-1300.95

166.539°

0.1390

Norsk gruppe

2006

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

62

XLII

Fornjot ♣Fornjot

/ˈfɔːrnjɒt/

≈ 6

≈ 0.15

24504879

-1432.16

167.886°

0.186

Norsk gruppe

2004

S. Sheppard, D. Jewitt, J. Kleyna

Ubekræftede måner

Følgende objekter (observeret af Cassini) er ikke blevet bekræftet som faste legemer. Det er endnu ikke klart, om de er rigtige satellitter eller blot vedvarende klumper i F-ringen.

Navn

Billede

Diameter (km)

Semi-major
akse (km)


Orbitalperiode (d)

Position

Opdagelsesår

S/2004 S 6

A bright narrow band runs from the top to bottom. To the right of it in the diffuse halo the is a bright small object.

≈ 3-5

≈ 140130

+0.61801

usikre objekter omkring F-ringen

2004

S/2004 S 3/S 4

≈ 3-5

≈ 140300

≈ +0.619

2004
 

Hypotetiske måner

To måner hævdes at være opdaget af forskellige astronomer, men er aldrig blevet set igen. Begge måner skulle kredse mellem Titan og Hyperion.

  • Chiron, der angiveligt blev observeret af Hermann Goldschmidt i 1861, men som aldrig er blevet observeret af andre.
  • Themis blev angiveligt opdaget i 1905 af astronomen William Pickering, men blev aldrig set igen. Ikke desto mindre var den med i mange almanakker og astronomibøger indtil 1960'erne.
 

AlegsaOnline.com - 2020 / 2023 - License CC3